Obsessive Compulsive Disorders

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a condition characterized by recurrent and persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses, or images (called obsessions) that are intrusive and cause distress; and unrealistic, excessive behaviors or mental acts (called compulsions) that the person feels he or she must do to control or save himself or herself from perceived harm or to avoid a feared situation. It is a type of anxiety disorder in which affected individuals experience obsessive thoughts and or compulsive behavior. The average age of onset of OCD is in early to mid-adulthood but symptoms can begin in childhood. The cause of OCD is still a mystery but some suggest the combination of environmental factors and genetics influence its development. Some recent research has indicated that OCD may be caused by irregularities in certain brain regions and in neurotransmitters such as serotonin. It is also known that people with OCD experience some type of life stressor either prior to or during the development of the disorder. People with OCD often experience intense anxiety or guilt associated with their symptoms, which leads to difficulty carrying out daily activities. An appropriate diagnosis is the first step to receiving effective treatment. Treatment options for OCD include medications, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and exposure and ritual prevention (ERP). Various medications like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, or combination medications can be prescribed to help reduce symptoms of OCD. CBT involves education on how to think differently about intrusive thoughts. ERP includes facing the feared situation or avoiding certain behaviors as a way to challenge the fear and reduce symptoms. People with OCD can take steps to reduce triggers, spread tasks over a longer period of time, identify when anxiety may be increasing, and practice relaxation techniques or physical exercise to reduce stress. Professional help in managing symptoms is available and OCD does not have to be a life sentence; treatment is available and works.