Neurodevelopmental disorders refer to a diverse group of conditions that manifest during childhood and affect the growth and development of the nervous system. These disorders can result in impairments in areas such as communication, learning, social interaction, and motor skills. Conditions such as cerebral palsy, dyslexia, and developmental coordination disorder are key examples of neurodevelopmental disorders that impact both academic and social functioning. Research into the underlying causes of these disorders is uncovering the roles of genetics, prenatal factors, and early environmental influences. Interventions focusing on improving cognitive, behavioral, and motor skills, alongside family support, can significantly improve outcomes. Advances in neuroscience and genomics are opening new possibilities for early detection and personalized treatment strategies that aim to address the specific needs of affected individuals.