Title : Evaluating the accuracy of artificial intelligence generated nutrition plans compared to evidence-based medical nutrition therapy guidelines for neurologic disorders
Abstract:
Objective: We aim to assess if ChatGPT can be a reliable resource for individuals with neurologic disorders, who may have limited access to registered dietitians, to seek to for a therapeutic nutrition plan.
Background: Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) can be a key component for promoting a neuroprotective environment for those with neurologic disorders. ChatGPT, an easily accessible online artificial intelligence (AI) platform has been an increasingly popular method to rapidly obtain and reference information. However, it is unclear whether it is a reliable resource for those who are seeking nutrition therapy for their specific neurologic disorder.
Design/Methods: Based on published demographics for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), epilepsy, and preeclampsia, a hypothetical standardized patient was created for each disorder. The free version of ChatGPT was asked to build a seven-day diet plan for each disorder, which was then entered into Cronometer.com for dietary nutrition analysis. Mean daily intake values were calculated and compared to the established dietary guidelines relevant to the adult patients with their corresponding neurologic disease. One sample t-tests were conducted for each nutrient, and p-values were adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) procedure.
Results: Both macro and micronutrients were found to be insufficient across all four disorders. Significant deficiencies in vitamin D, omega-6 fatty acids, total energy, and carbohydrates were found in MS and preeclampsia, while the diet plan for epilepsy failed to meet the requirements to support ketosis. The diet plan for AD lacked sufficient fat and vitamin D, while promoting excess omega-3 and vitamin K, suggesting overall poor therapeutic targeting.
Conclusions: Although ChatGPT was able to recognize evidence-based guidelines needed to build a diet plan for each neurologic disorder, it was unable to create a sustainable plan that promotes a therapeutic and neurologically protective environment, highlighting the importance of clinician guided nutrition planning.
